Thermal Protection Systems (TPS):  A Word About TPS

 

John F. Kennedy stated on October 24, 1960 that “…the Nation which controls space controls the Earth”[1].  The first step to realizing this statement is in assured access to space. Thermal Protection Materials are, and always have been, among the most crucial technologies in access to space.  There are not that many areas where materials technology is so visibly enabling.   Thermal protections systems (TPS) have garnered the attention of the American Public on several occasions.  In November of 1957 President's Eisenhower appeared on television to show the public the Jupiter C nosetip, which would enable Intermediate Range Ballistic Missiles (IRBMs).  John Glenn’s reentry after Friendship 7’s three orbits around the planet captivated Americans in 1962, when many thought his heatshield was disintegrating.   In short, TPS materials are critical because they represent the outermost protection against some very hostile environments.  Even after four decades of research on TPS materials, TPS is still an enabler for tomorrow’s missions.  Despite the efficiency of the shuttle TPS, an estimated 40,000 hours of maintenance is spent between flights refurbishing and inspecting it.  Tomorrow’s RLVs will require quicker turn around in a single-stage-to-orbit vehicle.   It is easy to think that TPS is a single material.  It is not -- TPS is a system of materials working together. A vehicle requires several systems over the aeroshell to protect it in the most efficient manner. [1]Bruner, W.W. III, National Security Implications of Inexpensive Space Access, School of Advanced Air Power Studies Air University, Maxwell AFB, AL 1996